Summary

In the open economy，export trade plays an increasingly important role in the economic development，while export enterprises which are the most important participants in export trade are more widely concerned.As the international division of labor constantly refined，intra-product specialization trend is becoming apparent and different countries all have tried to use the technology upgrading of enterprises to realize their development in the global value chain.In such situation，discussions about export and technology upgrading are springing.At present，China is in a crucial period of economic restructuring.Building a new open economy system actively，building China's opening up to the upgraded version and trying to receive more open interest in opening up all need comprehensive and in-depth analysis about how export influences the technology upgrading of enterprises.

This book tries to establish an overall framework which can comprehensive analyze the effect of heterogeneity export features on enterprise's technology upgrading combined Chinese special conditions under the framework of the theory of heterogeneous enterprise trade.Especially this book focuses on the change of enterprise heterogeneity export feature's influence on the technology upgrading of export enterprise.At the same time，using the micro data of Chinese enterprise level，this book can reach the conclusions from empirical research on the theories for further validation.Different from most of the existing studies which mainly focus on non-exporting enterprises and pay attention to discuss the effect of enterprise's technology upgrading when the enterprise changes from non-exporting state to exporting state.This book's research object focuses on exporters who have access to export markets.And this book emphasis on analyzing the effect of the other heterogeneity of export feature （such as export duration，export intensity，export trading patterns and degree of market monopoly） on enterprise's technology upgrading.Therefore this book not only opens up new perspectives to better analyze the impact of export on enterprises' technology upgrading，but also enriches the application of enterprise heterogeneity trade theory in China.Meanwhile，this book is probably the first time to use large micro-data （including data of industrial enterprises of China and the customs import and export data） to make a more comprehensive and detailed examination of the effects of heterogeneity export features on Chinese export enterprises' technology upgrading.Based on the main releted policy recommendations，this book also provides a policy idea for the relevant policy makers in the future to take measures to accelerate the pace of export enterprises' technology upgrading.

Firstly，this book reviews and teases the related literature，summarizes and comments the literature research with the theme of export and export enterprises' technology upgrading.And then under the heterogeneous enterprise trading model structure，by introducing endogenous technology upgrading，this book constructs an overall framework which can analyze how enterprises' heterogeneity export feature affects its technology upgrading.After that，the book analyzes the effect mechanism of the heterogeneity of export feature such as export duration、export intensity、export trading patterns and degree of market monopoly on enterprises' technology upgrading.At the same time，using the micro data of Chinese enterprise level，econometric models are constructed for empirical testing，and reveal the micro impact of heterogeneity of export feature on Chinese export enterprises' technology upgrading.Finally，the book reaches the research findings and related policy implications and points out the further research directions.

Though theoretical and empirical analysis，this book can mainly conclude：

（1） The heterogeneity export feature of enterprise （such as export duration，export intensity，export trading patterns and degree of market monopoly） will have a major impact on its technology upgrading by affecting export enterprises' profit function.The way that different heterogeneity export features affect export enterprises' technology upgrading is not the same.Under the same conditions，differences among heterogeneity export features will determine the differences of export enterprises' technology upgrading.

（2） In general，the increase of export duration has diminishing marginal effect on Chinese export enterprises' technology upgrading.As the technology upgrading degree of the enterprises are actually refer to the export enterprises' production efficiency of “marginal increase”.To put it another way，as the increase of the duration of export，the “marginal increase” of the export enterprises' production efficiency will become lower and lower.

（3） The positive effect of export intensity on Chinese export enterprises' technology upgrading is fairly obvious，but it's not monotone linear，it's “Inverted-U type” instead.When the firm's export intensity is low，the increase of export intensity can help export enterprises to choose higher degree of technology upgrading.While when the export intensity reaches a certain critical value，the further increase of export intensity will prompt export enterprises to choose a lower level of technology upgrading instead.

（4） The selection of export trading patterns has significant influence to Chinese export enterprises' technology upgrading.The level of technology upgrading of our country's processing trade export enterprises is significantly lower than the degree of technology upgrading of ordinary trade export enterprises.Namely the choice of processing trade exports way will not be benefit for enterprises' technology upgrading.As the increase of the export degree of processing trade，the “marginal increase” of the export enterprises' production efficiency will be lower and lower （that is，selecting the lower level of technology upgrading）.

（5） The decrease of the degree of market monopoly has significant positive effect on the technology upgrading of Chinese export enterprises.In the market which has lower degree of monopoly （or higher degree of competition），the export enterprises will choose relative higher level of technology upgrading，while in the market which has higher degree of monopoly，the level of technology upgrading of export enterprises will be relatively lower.